Historically, manufacturers have favored allogeneic cells derived from an external donor and have leveraged them to provide an expandable product. Allogeneic therapies might offer an initial convenience for scaling, much like a traditional biopharmaceutical,
however, because they rely on donor cells, patients might be susceptible to graft-versus-host disease.
In contrast, autologous cells, which are derived from a patient’s own cells, don’t carry that same risk. The past decade has seen a steady development of autologous therapies in clinical trials, however when it’s time to move into manufacturing, it can
be difficult to scale due to their complex manufacturing processes. Because cells are collected directly from a patient for autologous therapies, the batch size remains relatively small. Manufacturers who want to increase the scale of
autologous therapies need to scale out rather than scale up by replicating their lines or units of operation.